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Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is located in western India on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Ahmedabad city offers the traveler a unique style of architecture, which is a blend of Hindu and Islamic styles (Indo-Saracenic style of architecture). Presently Ahmedabad is famous for its textile mills and is often referred to as the 'Manchester of the East'.

Ahmedabad has got numerous places of interest for tourists, ranging from monuments to amusement parks. The charm of the various museums, mosques, and forts complements the simplicity of the Ahmedabad city.

There are many places of tourist interesting that near Ahmedabad that are worth visiting. Sarkhej, Adlaj Vav, Lothal, Modhera, Patan, Gandhinagar, Mahudi, Nalsarovar Wildlife Sanctuary et al.

The fun-loving people of Ahmedabad celebrate the traditional festivals with excitement. The tourists in Ahmedabad during any event or festival enjoy the celebrations with the special Gujarati style. Besides the traditional Navratri and Rath Yatra Ahmedabad hosts the contemporary International Kite Festival too.

The city of Ahmedabad is easily accessible from the other important cities of India besides the other cities of Gujarat. The excellent road network, railway system and the air linking make Ahmedabad a popular travel destination of western India. The fun-loving people of Ahmedabad celebrate the traditional festivals with excitement. The tourists in Ahmedabad during any event or festival enjoy the celebrations with the special Gujarati style. Besides the traditional Navratri and Rath Yatra Ahmedabad hosts the contemporary International Kite Festival too.

Ahmedabad, the largest city in the state of Gujarat located on the left bank of the river Sabarmati is named after Sultan Ahmed Shah who built the city in 1411 AD. Also known as Amdavad and Karnavati, it was the former capital and a prominent centre of India's freedom struggle. With a vibrant past and an equally interesting present, Ahmedabad is one of those few cities which can boast about its well preserved ancient heritage along with being a highly industrialised centre and it is also home to one of the best known management institutes of the world- Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A). The city has grown into a great textile and commercial centre rightly called the 'Manchester of the East'. The city offers a lot to visitors in terms of aesthetic experience- there are many beautiful monuments of historical and archaeological importance, places of religious significance, picnic spots, excursion sites etc.

Demography

The total population of the Ahmedabad Urban Agglomeration came to about 45.19 lakhs. There are 886 females to every 1000 males. Ahmedabad has a literacy rate of 79.89%, which is the highest in Gujarat with approximately, 87.81% males and 71.12% females literate.

History

The vibrant history of Ahmedabad commences with King Karandev I, the Solanki ruler who waged a war against the Bhil King Ashapall or Ashaval. Karandev I named this city Karnavati. In 1411 century Gujarat fell to Sultan Ahmed Shah who renamed it Ahmedabad and it remained the royal capital for a period of 162 years (1411-1573 AD.)

This city was originally built on the banks of the river Sabarmati and fortified by Mohammed Begdo, the grandson of Ahmed Shah. Akbar, conquered Gujarat in 1573. During the Moghul reign, Ahmedabad became a thriving centre of trade with textiles being exported as far as Europe. By 1753, the armies of Raghunath Rao and Damaji Gaekwad captured the city, ending Mughal rule. A famine in 1630 and the rule of the Peshwas and the Gaekwads almost destroyed the city. By 1818, the British East India Company took over the city.

In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi came from South Africa and established his Ashram on the banks of Sabarmati. The famous salt satyagraha was started here in 1930. The rich cultural legacy of this city has continued even after India's independence with a perfect fusion of the austere Islamic principles of design with the Hindu art of sculpted ornamentation.

King Karandev I, the Solanki ruler, had waged a war against the Bhil king of Ashapall or Ashaval. After his victory, Karandev established the city called ‘Karnavati'. This Hindu kingdom of Karnavati retained its importance till the early 15th century when Gujaeat fell to the Muslim Sultanate. In 1411, Sultan Ahmed Shah conquered Karnavati, and after his name, Karnavati was renamed as Ahmedabad.

The city was built in open and spacious plane to the east of Sabarmati. It comprised of the smaller known fort as Bhadra Fort. The city fort wall was enclosed containing 12 gates. The city of Ahmedabad went on expanding in evey direction by the addition of new areas on both the sides of the river, and with the well laid out beautiful buildings, lakes and mosques.

In 1753, combined armies of Raghunath Rao and Damaji Gaekwad took the fort, which resulted into the end of the Mughal rule in Ahmedabad. In 64 years, during the rule of Gaekwad and Peshwa, the city became worse. In 1818, the British took over administration of Ahmedabad. During this period, Ahmedabad developed rapidly, municipality committee was founded, and a railway link was also established.

The Ahmedabad region was first inhabited in the 11th century when Karandev I, a Solanki ruler established the city of Karnavati on the banks of the Sabarmati after his victory over the Bhil king of Ashaval. In the 13th century, Ahmedabad and the rest of Gujarat gradually came under the control of the Vaghela dynasty of Dwarka although by the end of the century, power over the region shifted to the Sultanate of Delhi. In 1411, Gujarat was conquered by Sultan Ahmed Shah, who would rename the city Ahmedabad. The city grew under his reign, welcoming skilled artisans, traders and merchants who chose to settle here permanently. Ahmedabad would remain a royal capital from 1411 to 1573 A.D., for a period of 162 years. Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Ahmed Shah fortified the city against intruders by building an outer city wall 9.6 km in circumference and consisting of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6000 battlements. The independent Sultanate of Gujarat came to an end in the reign of Muzaffar-III when it was conquered by Emperor Akbar in 1573. Under the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad continued to flourish especially in the trade of textiles with countries in Europe. Shahjahan too spent most of his life in this city, building the Moti Shahi Mahal in Shahibaug. In 1753, the Maratha generals Raghunath Rao and Damaji Gaekwad captured the city. A famine in 1630 almost crippled Ahmedabad as did the conflicts between the Peshwas and Gaekwads. By 1818, the British East India Company had taken over the city and established a military cantonment in 1824, a municipal government in 1858 and most importantly, a railway link in 1864 connecting Ahmedabad to Bombay, fuelling the city's importance as a major textile exporter and earning it the title of 'the Manchester of the East'. Merchants and traders who had left the city during Maratha rule were tempted back with lowered taxes and an increased trade in opium under British rule.

Modern History

Ahmedabad played an important role during the Independence movement. Back from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi established the Kochrab Ashram near Paldi and two years later, the Satyagraha ashram on the banks of the Sabarmati. The Sabarmati ashram and Ahmedabad itself would become the site of many historical events during the course of the freedom struggle. Mass protests against the Rowlatt Act in 1919 led to mass rioting in the city with 51 government buildings burnt down, much to the dismay of the Mahatma. Gandhi would initiate the salt satyagraha from the city in 1930 in the legendary Dandi March. Ahmedabad also participated in the Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. After independence, Ahmedabad was temporarily a city of Bombay State until 1960, when it became the capital of the new state of Gujarat under the division of Bombay state on linguistic grounds. In the 1960s, under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai's patronage, a large number of educational and research centres were established in the city with donations from local well-wishers. Politically inclined Ahmedabad has always been an active part of state and national level agitations such as the Nav Nirman agitation that began in 1974 and snowballed into a movement criticizing the administration which gave Indira Gandhi added reason to impose the Emergency on June 25, 1975. The city was also witness to two anti-reservation protests in 1981 and 1985.

Recent History

The resilient spirit of Ahmedabad has been constantly tested in recent years. On the 26th of January, 2001 an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter Scale hit the city, destroying 50 multistoried buildings and killing 752 people. Ahmedabad also witnessed one of the worst communal riots the country has evern seen after a train full of Hindu pilgrims was attacked by a mob at Godhra. The resulting violence left thousands dead. The Gujarat government has been criticized for state-sponsored riots and terrorism.

Orientation

Ahmedabad lies in the state of Gujarat. The city lies in the district of the same name which is surrounded by Mehsana, Sabarkantha and Gandhinagar in the north, Anand and Kheda in the east and Bhavnagar in the south. The city itself lies on both sides of the Sabarmati River. On the eastern bank lies the old city packed with bazaars, the main railway station and the General Post Office. This side is also the location of most of the temples and mosques of the city. The airport is to the north-east of the city, while the Gandhi Ashram lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, to the north of the city. Also on the western bank are the modern buildings and residential areas, educational institutions and new business districts.